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Anemia y desnutrición en la infancia: Prevalencia, Factores de riesgo y diagnóstico de laboratorio
Resumen
La anemia y la malnutrición son problemas de salud comunes en los países en desarrollo, siendo los niños los más vulnerables. Estas enfermedades tienen efectos negativos en el rendimiento, el crecimiento y el desarrollo de los niños, tanto como causa como consecuencia de la enfermedad. El objetivo general de este estudio fue evaluar la anemia y desnutrición en niños, la prevalencia, factores de riesgo y diagnóstico. La metodología utilizada se basó en una revisión bibliográfica sistemática de tipo descriptiva, mediante una búsqueda sistemática de información tanto en inglés como en español que cumplieran con el siguiente periodo 2018-2023 en las bases de datos científicas tales como: PubMed, SciELO, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Redalyc y Springer. En los resultados se observaron variaciones significativas en la prevalencia tanto de la anemia como de la desnutrición en varios países. En cuanto a los factores de riesgo identificados destacaron la situación económica, la falta de educación materna, las infecciones, y las prácticas alimentarias inadecuadas. En los métodos de diagnóstico existe una diversidad de ellos , pero se mantiene un enfoque central en la medición de la hemoglobina y la ferritina sérica. En conclusión estos hallazgos destacan la urgencia de políticas de salud pública que integren la educación, la mejora de las condiciones de vida y el acceso a servicios de salud adecuados para reducir la carga de anemia y desnutrición en la infancia.
Palabras clave
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v9i9.8281
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