Diagnóstico y manejo integral del síndrome de intestino irritable

Tania Gabriela Escobar Cacuango, Ángel Geovanny Romo López

Resumen


El dolor abdominal recurrentes y los hábitos intestinales alterados son manifiestos de un trastorno intestinal funcional al cual se denomina Síndrome de intestino irritable (SII), cuyos mecanismos patogénicos son: viscerales, hipersensibilidad, alteración de la motilidad intestinal, factores psicosociales y cambios localizados a nivel de la pared intestinal. Las manifestaciones clínicas no son específicas y el diagnostico se realiza a partir de trastornos funcionales tales como: dispepsia, dolor osteomuscular, síntomas urológicos, dispareunia, trastornos del sueño, trastornos psicológicos. En cuanto al diagnóstico, los criterios diagnósticos de Roma IV establecen un enfoque multifactorial para el diagnóstico del SII basado en los síntomas, principalmente el dolor abdominal y la diarrea, y se clasifica de acuerdo al subgrupo según el patrón de heces: SII con diarrea, con estreñimiento, con hábitos intestinales mixtos y sin clasificar además se requiere de exámenes complementarios cuyos test útiles para el estudio del SII incluyen: los exámenes de sangre, exámenes de deposiciones, estudios endoscópicos, estudios de imágenes y test de H2 en aire espirado. Por otro lado, el manejo integral del SII constituye una dieta baja en oligosacáridos, disacáridos, monosacáridos y polioles fermentables, prebióticos, probióticos, simbiosis y terapias psicológicas. Para el tratamiento farmacológico se implica la suplementación con micronutrientes, fármacos laxantes, fibra soluble y antiespasmódicos.


Palabras clave


: diarrea; dolor abdominal; estreñimiento; síndrome de intestino irritable; trastorno intestinal.

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v8i7.5821

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