Perfil de Resistencia de Pseudomonas aeruginosa por infección nosocomial en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital de Infectología Guayaquil 2020 – 2023

Paul Andrés Pazmay Espinoza, Héctor Paul Quintero Montaño

Resumen


Las infecciones nosocomiales representan un desafío en entornos hospitalarios, particularmente en unidades de cuidados intensivos donde los pacientes son más susceptibles a contraer infecciones oportunistas. Pseudomonas aeruginosa es uno de los patógenos asociados a estas infecciones, causando complicaciones graves. El objetivo fue determinar el perfil de resistencia de Pseudomonas aeruginosa por infección nosocomial en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital de Infectología de Guayaquil, 2020 - 2023. Se realizó un estudio observacional, de tipo analítico, transversal y retrospectivo. La muestra consistió en 265 registros de cultivos microbiológicos positivos a Pseudomonas aeruginosa, seleccionados bajo criterios. Los resultados evidenciaron que las infecciones nosocomiales causadas por Pseudomonas aeruginosa ocurridas con mayor frecuencia (p=0,001) fueron neumonía (68,7%), infección del torrente sanguíneo (15,1%) e infección del tracto urinario (9,8%), en menor frecuencia infección del sitio quirúrgico y otitis media con 4,9% y 1,5%, respectivamente. El perfil de resistencia a los antimicrobianos evidenció porcentajes a Imipenem de 44,2%, Meropenem (42,3%), Cefepime (38,4%), Ciprofloxacina (37,7%), Piperaciclina-Tazobactan (37,4%), Ceftazidima (25,7%) y Aztreonam (8,3%). Se evidenció asociación significativa (p<0,01) entre el perfil de resistencia antimicrobiana de Pseudomonas aeruginosa con las infecciones nosocomiales, específicamente con infección del torrente sanguíneo, infección del tracto urinario e infección del sitio quirúrgico. En conclusión, es evidente el alto potencial de resistencia antimicrobiana de Pseudomonas aeruginosa como patógeno nosocomial en este centro hospitalario durante los tres años del estudio, lo que amerita vigilancia continua y la necesidad de mejorar el control de éstas, basándose en información local.

Palabras clave


Epidemiología; infecciones asociadas a atención sanitaria; multirresistencia bacteriana; perfil de susceptibilidad microbiana.

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v10i5.9473

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