Enfermedad renal crónica en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en adultos mayores de 60 años

William Antonio Lino Villacreses, Diego Abraham Benavidez Toala, Williams Abraham Plaza Acebo

Resumen


El estudio analiza la relación entre la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) en adultos mayores de 60 años, destacando su impacto epidemiológico y los factores de riesgo asociados. El objetivo fue analizar la enfermedad renal crónica en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 representa un problema de salud pública creciente, especialmente en la población mayor de 60 años. Se empleó una metodología descriptiva de revisión narrativa, seleccionando 61 artículos publicados entre 2020 y 2025 en bases de datos científicas como PubMed y Scielo. Los resultados muestran una alta prevalencia de ERC en pacientes con DM2, con valores que varían entre el 11 % y el 80 %, dependiendo de la región y la metodología utilizada. Factores como hipertensión, obesidad, dislipidemia y el tiempo de evolución de la diabetes fueron consistentemente identificados como determinantes en la progresión de la ERC. En cuanto al manejo, se identificó que la suplementación con vitamina D y omega-3 puede ofrecer beneficios en la función renal y la inflamación, aunque su uso debe ser monitoreado debido a posibles efectos adversos. Se concluye que la ERC en pacientes con DM2 es un problema de salud pública en crecimiento, requiriendo estrategias de prevención basadas en el control de factores de riesgo y el monitoreo temprano de la función renal. Se recomienda la implementación de políticas de salud pública que fomenten la detección precoz y el tratamiento oportuno para reducir la carga de la enfermedad.


Palabras clave


diabetes; epidemiologia; envejecimiento; riñones.

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v10i4.9356

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