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Promoción y prevención de la salud, acciones y estrategias en la reducción de enfermedades prevalentes en zonas rurales
Resumen
La promoción y prevención de la salud constituyen pilares fundamentales para el bienestar de poblaciones vulnerables, particularmente en zonas rurales donde persisten barreras de acceso a servicios sanitarios. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, estas estrategias permiten a las personas tener mayor control sobre su salud mediante intervenciones sociales y ambientales que abordan las causas subyacentes de las enfermedades. El objetivo general de este estudio fue analizar las acciones y estrategias de prevención y promoción de la salud destinadas a la reducción de enfermedades prevalentes en zonas rurales. Se aplicó un diseño documental narrativo de tipo descriptivo y explicativo, utilizando bases de datos como SciELO, PubMed y Elsevier, seleccionando 60 artículos publicados en los últimos seis años. Los resultados evidenciaron que las enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes e hipertensión son altamente prevalentes en zonas rurales a nivel mundial, con tasas de hasta 68% para hipertensión en India, mientras que en Latinoamérica predominan enfermedades infecciosas como el dengue (94% en Ecuador). Las estrategias de prevención y promoción más efectivas incluyen capacitaciones comunitarias, brigadas médicas móviles, telemedicina y programas de atención primaria adaptados culturalmente. En conclusión, las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y las infecciones transmitidas por vectores representan los principales desafíos sanitarios en zonas rurales, requiriendo estrategias adaptadas al contexto local, con participación comunitaria e inversión en tecnología, infraestructura y capacitación del personal de salud para garantizar servicios sanitarios equitativos y de calidad.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v10i3.9100
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