Las intervenciones socioemocionales para desarrollar la resiliencia en niños de 3 a 5 años: revisión sistemática

Laura Avilés Taris, Liana Fuentes Seisdedos

Resumen


El artículo considera la importancia de los programas de intervención socioemocional en niños de 3 a 5 años, donde la problemática central es la necesidad de mejorar capacidades y habilidades de resiliencias en ellos, al ser población critica a los cambios adversos del contexto familiar, educativo, comunitario que son afectados por factores: pobreza, desnutrición crónica, abandono parental, abuso y violencia infantil. El propósito, es analizar cómo las intervenciones socioemocionales mejoran la resiliencia, habilidades socioafectivas, salud mental y bienestar integral en niños. La metodología empleada es descriptiva, revisión bibliográfica, basado en el protocolo PRISMA 2020, se identificaron 7 bases de datos (Web of Science, Scopus, Springer Nature, PubMed, Redalyc, Scielo y Latindex), con 89 artículos revisados tras cumplir con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión que nos permitió discernir los estudios pertinentes e implementados para desarrollar la resiliencia y las habilidades socioemocionales. Entre los resultados, la efectividad de los programas PATHS, Incredible Years y prácticas basadas en el juego, el yoga y la narración, donde alcanzaron mejoras significativas en el autocontrol, empatía y resolución de problemas, también los "baños de bosque", para la cohesión social y el bienestar psicoemocional. En conclusión, las intervenciones socioemocionales permiten mitigar el impacto a los factores adversos y desarrolla la personalidad resiliente en la infancia. Sin embargo, se identifican limitaciones en estudios longitudinales y un déficit de investigaciones específicas en el contexto latinoamericano, lo que resalta la necesidad de enfoques inclusivos adaptados a las realidades locales para garantizar un impacto sostenible.


Palabras clave


educación infantil; empatía; intervenciones socioemocionales; primera infancia; resiliencia.

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v10i2.8969

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