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Perfil lipídico y la influencia de cirugías bariátricas en pacientes de la Clínica San Marcos
Resumen
La cirugía bariátrica ofrece un tratamiento para la obesidad y morbilidades cardiometabólicas. Investigaciones recientes demuestran mejoras en parámetros bioquímicos, con pocos estudios sobre el perfil lipídico. El objetivo fue analizar el perfil lipídico y la influencia de cirugías bariátricas en pacientes de la Clínica San Marcos. Se realizó un estudio con diseño observacional, tipo analítico, longitudinal y retrospectivo. La población seleccionada correspondió a una muestra de 200 registros de pacientes atendidos durante el periodo julio 2023-julio 2024, en un rango de 18 a 45 años. Los resultados muestran que la población femenina fue mayor (68,0%) que la masculina (32,0%). Del total, 80% se realizaron gastrectomía en manga vertical y 20% Bypass gástrico Roux-en-Y. En el perfil lipídico pre y postoperatorio durante cuatro meses, fue evidente un descenso significativo (p<0,0001) y sostenido en las concentraciones de colesterol, triglicéridos, y lipoproteínas de alta y media densidad, desde el primer mes para ambos tipos de cirugía. Dentro de los factores demográficos y clínicos que influyen en los cambios del perfil lipídico post cirugía, se identificaron los porcentajes de disminución de los componentes del perfil lipídico y la pérdida de peso postoperatoria, independientemente de la edad, el sexo y el tipo de cirugía. Se concluye que existe relación estadística entre los cambios en los triglicéridos y lipoproteína de alta densidad, tanto en pacientes sometidos a gastrectomía en manga vertical como a Bypass gástrico Roux-en-Y. Es evidente el efecto de las cirugías bariátricas sobre el perfil lipídico y su potencial en el control de la desregulación y el riesgo cardiometabólico.
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Referencias
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v9i12.8639
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