Evidencias y Directrices en la Punción con Aspiración de Aguja Fina Guiada por Ecografía: Revisión Sistemática

Daniela Mora Taborda, Mayra Gissela Santacruz Garcés, Lissette Gisella Acaro Alverca, Saud Andrés Yarad García

Resumen


El uso de la punción con aspiración de aguja fina guiada por ecografía es una técnica diagnostica promisoria para el diagnóstico de tumores de páncreas, hígado y estómago que requieren de métodos invasivos para su exploración, por lo cual es necesario capacitar al personal médico sobre los protocolos, para reducir la ocurrencia de eventos adversos. En este sentido se realizó una revisión sistemática de 120 artículos, utilizando bases de datos medicas como PubMed, Science Elsevier y Embase, esta búsqueda abarco desde el año 2018 hasta el mes de septiembre del 2024. De estos artículos fueron seleccionados y analizados los hallazgos correspondientes a 24 artículos que evidencian el éxito de esta técnica y sugieren directrices de la punción con aspiración de aguja fina guiada por ecografía. Los resultados mostraron que la técnica es más eficiente en la detección de tumores en comparación a los procedimientos convencionales y cuya eficacia depende del tamaño y tipo de aguja, así como la técnica de succión y volumen de muestra, además de las medidas de higiene del equipo quirúrgico. Esta técnica mostró menos eventos adversos, siendo los más frecuentes la perforación intestinal, sangrado y pancreatitis, pero en un porcentaje bajo, por lo que se concluye que el procedimiento es seguro y permite el diagnostico oportuno de estas patologías que requieren procedimientos invasivos con una alta eficacia y seguridad, lo que lleva a un diagnóstico más temprano para aumentar las expectativas de vida de pacientes como tumores de páncreas, estomago e hígado.


Palabras clave


aguja; ecografía; invasivo; riesgos; tumores.

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v9i10.8112

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