Etiopatogenia de la fibrosis pulmonar idiopática. Una revisión bibliográfica actualizada
Resumen
La fibrosis pulmonar idiopática (FPI) es una enfermedad pulmonar intersticial crónica caracterizada por la formación de tejido cicatricial en los pulmones, lo que conduce a una insuficiencia respiratoria progresiva. A pesar de los avances en su comprensión, la etiología sigue siendo desconocida, por lo cual, el objetivo de esta revisión es examinar y resumir la literatura científica más reciente sobre la etiopatogenia de la FPI.
Los estudios han identificado mutaciones en genes relacionados con la biología de los telómeros, las proteínas del surfactante y la reparación del daño celular, lo que sugiere una predisposición genética en algunos casos. Además, la exposición a agentes nocivos como el humo del tabaco, partículas inhaladas, la presencia de infecciones virales y comorbilidades como la enfermedad de reflujo gastroesofágico se ha asociado con un mayor riesgo.
La patogenia de la FPI implica una intrincada interacción entre el daño epitelial alveolar, la inflamación, la remodelación de la matriz extracelular y la alteración de vías de señalización celular. El daño repetitivo al epitelio alveolar conduce a una respuesta inflamatoria anormal, la activación de fibroblastos y la deposición excesiva de componentes de la matriz extracelular, lo que resulta en la formación de tejido fibrótico.
Palabras clave
Referencias
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v9i8.7756
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