La Vitamina D en el Foco de la Enfermería: Un Análisis Sistemático de su Relación con el COVID-19

Gabriela del Cisne Valarezo Chicaiza, Silvia Pineda Hoyos, Óscar Andrés Mera Yunga, Viviana Graciela Coellar Cando

Resumen


Problema: Este estudio aborda la importante cuestión de si los niveles de vitamina D tienen un impacto significativo en la infección y mortalidad por COVID-19, especialmente desde una perspectiva de enfermería. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sistemática, centrada en estudios clínicos y de investigación clínica publicados entre 2021 y 2023 en revistas de enfermería. Se utilizaron dos bases de datos: Scopus y PubMed, en castellano e inglés, aplicando criterios de inclusión como "ensayo clínico" y "investigación clínica" y exclusión para seleccionar artículos relevantes. Resultados: Se identificaron inicialmente 182 artículos, de los cuales se retuvieron 111 tras aplicar criterios de inclusión. Estos estudios se categorizaron en cuatro grupos: un 24% de los estudios no encontraron asociación significativa, un 19% relacionó el COVID-19 con bajos niveles de vitamina D, un 28% sugirió un efecto beneficioso de la vitamina D en la reducción de la infección y/o mortalidad, y un 29% afirmó que existe tal efecto beneficioso, pero enfatizó la necesidad de más investigaciones. Un análisis estadístico mediante una prueba de chi-cuadrado no reveló diferencias significativas entre estas categorías, lo que sugiere que no se puede establecer que unas conclusiones estén más marcadas que otras. Sin embargo, si es que se agrupa sugieren un efecto beneficioso y la necesidad de más investigaciones, se obtiene un significativo 57% favorable al empleo de vitamina D en el cuidado de pacientes con COVID-19. Conclusión: Este estudio destaca la complejidad de la relación entre la vitamina D y el COVID-19, subrayando la necesidad de investigaciones adicionales para obtener conclusiones más definitivas. Los hallazgos tienen implicaciones significativas para el campo de la enfermería, ya que una mejor comprensión de esta relación podría influir en la prevención y tratamiento del COVID-19.


Palabras clave


Vitamina D; COVID-19; Enfermería; Revisión sistemática; Tratamiento del COVID-19.

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v9i2.6841

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