Envía por correo este artículo 
Consumo de drogas y la adquisición de infecciones virales
Resumen
Consumir drogas es un factor de riesgo importante para las infecciones virales, como el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC), el hecho de usar drogas inyectables y compartir agujas y otros equipos de inyección aumenta la probabilidad de transmisión de estos virus entre usuarios de drogas, la prevalencia del consumo de drogas inyectables varía geográficamente y entre diferentes poblaciones, y los grupos vulnerables, como las personas sin hogar y los reclusos, corren un mayor riesgo de infección. El objetivo de la investigación fue explorar la prevalencia del consumo de drogas inyectables y el tipo de infección que con más frecuencia se adquiere debido a las drogas inyectables. Se uso una metodología de diseño documental y el tipo de estudio es descriptivo de nivel explicativo, se obtuvo información de distintas bases de datos medicas como: PubMed, Google Académico, Sciencedirect, NCBI, etc. Los resultados indican que la prevalencia del consumo de drogas inyectables varía mucho según el país y la región de que se trate, se estima que 11 millones de personas en todo el mundo se inyectan drogas; las infecciones más comunes de acuerdo con los datos proporcionados por la investigación están la infección por Hepatitis C, VIH y hepatitis B. Se concluye que la prevalencia de drogas inyectables es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial.
Palabras clave
Referencias
SAMHSA. Statutes, Regulations, and Guidelines. 2020. Disponible en: https://www.samhsa.gov/medications-substance-use-disorders/statutes-regulations-guidelines
United Nations. UNODC World Drug Report 2022 highlights trends on cannabis post-legalization, environmental impacts of illicit drugs, and drug use among women and youth. United Nations : Office on Drugs and Crime. 2022.
Cobos AC, Monzón NS. Consumo de droga en estudiantes ecuatorianos. Una alternativa de prevención y desarrollo resiliente del alumnado desde la escuela. Revista de estudios y experiencias en educación. diciembre de 2021;20(44):364-83.
Rhodes T, Addiction EMC for D and D. Injecting Drug Use, Risk Behaviour and Qualitative Research in the Time of AIDS [Internet]. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities; 2022. 125 p. Disponible en: https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/e68f0246-e4c6-11e9-9c4e-01aa75ed71a1/language-en
Degenhardt L, Peacock A, Colledge S, Leung J, Grebely J, Vickerman P, et al. Global prevalence of injecting drug use and sociodemographic characteristics and prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV in people who inject drugs: a multistage systematic review. The Lancet Global Health. 5(12):e1192-207.
Nelson J. IV Drug Use. Sepsis Alliance. 2021. Disponible en: https://www.sepsis.org/sepsisand/iv-drug-use/
Uutela A. Drugs: Illicit Use and Prevention. En: Smelser NJ, Baltes PB, editores. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. Oxford: Pergamon; 2021. p. 3877-81. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080430767038869
Westover AN, McBride S, Haley RW. Stroke in young adults who abuse amphetamines or cocaine: a population-based study of hospitalized patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 64(4):495-502.
Esse K, Fossati-Bellani M, Traylor A, Martin-Schild S. Epidemic of illicit drug use, mechanisms of action/addiction and stroke as a health hazard. Brain Behav.1(1):44-54.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. WORLD DRUG REPORT 2018. Austria. 34 p.
Trickey A, Fraser H, Lim AG, Peacock A, Colledge S, Walker JG, et al. The contribution of injection drug use to hepatitis C virus transmission globally, regionally, and at country level: a modelling study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. junio de 2020;4(6):435-44.
Capizzi J, Leahy J, Wheelock H, Garcia J, Strnad L, Sikka M, et al. Population-based trends in hospitalizations due to injection drug use-related serious bacterial infections, Oregon, 2008 to 2018. PLoS One. 2020;15(11):e0242165.
UK Health Security Agency. People who inject drugs: HIV and viral hepatitis monitoring. GOV.UK. 2022. Disponible en: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/people-who-inject-drugs-hiv-and-viral-hepatitis-monitoring
Mattson CL. Trends and Geographic Patterns in Drug and Synthetic Opioid Overdose Deaths — United States, 2013–2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70. Disponible en: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7006a4.htm
Saldana CS, Vyas DA, Wurcel AG. Soft Tissue, Bone, and Joint Infections in People Who Inject Drugs. Infect Dis Clin North Am. septiembre de 2020;34(3):495-509.
Lewer D, Brothers TD, Van Hest N, Hickman M, Holland A, Padmanathan P, et al. Causes of death among people who used illicit opioids in England, 2001-18: a matched cohort study. Lancet Public Health. febrero de 2022;7(2):e126-35.
Anci E, Braun C, Marinosci A, Rodieux F, Midun E, Torres MJ, et al. Viral Infections and Cutaneous Drug-Related Eruptions. Frontiers in Pharmacology [Internet]. 2021 [citado 10 de marzo de 2023];11. Disponible en: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2020.586407
O’Donnell J. Notes from the Field: Opioid-Involved Overdose Deaths with Fentanyl or Fentanyl Analogs Detected — 28 States and the District of Columbia, July 2016–December 2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69. Disponible en: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6910a4.htm
Alpren C, Dawson EL, John B, Cranston K, Panneer N, Fukuda HD, et al. Opioid Use Fueling HIV Transmission in an Urban Setting: An Outbreak of HIV Infection Among People Who Inject Drugs-Massachusetts, 2015-2018. Am J Public Health. enero de 2020;110(1):37-44.
Samji H, Yu A, Wong S, Wilton J, Binka M, Alvarez M, et al. Drug-related deaths in a population-level cohort of people living with and without hepatitis C virus in British Columbia, Canada. International Journal of Drug Policy. 1 de diciembre de 2020;86:102989.
Kong L, Karns R, Shata MTM, Brown JL, Lyons MS, Sherman KE, et al. The synthetic opioid fentanyl enhances viral replication in vitro. PLoS One. 2021;16(4):e0249581.
Brunt TM, Lefrançois E, Gunnar T, Arponen A, Seyler T, Goudriaan AE, et al. Substances detected in used syringes of injecting drug users across 7 cities in Europe in 2017 and 2018: The European Syringe Collection and Analysis Project Enterprise (ESCAPE). Int J Drug Policy. septiembre de 2021;95:103130.
Pries-Heje MM, Wiingaard C, Ihlemann N, Gill SU, Bruun NE, Elming H, et al. Five-Year Outcomes of the Partial Oral Treatment of Endocarditis (POET) Trial. N Engl J Med. 10 de febrero de 2022;386(6):601-2.
Bradley H, Hall EW, Asher A, Furukawa NW, Jones CM, Shealey J, et al. Estimated Number of People Who Inject Drugs in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 6 de enero de 2023;76(1):96-102.
Arumugam E, Aridoss S, David JK, Jaganathasamy N, Balasubramanian G, Natesan M, et al. Injecting drug use & HIV prevalence among female sex workers: Evidence from the National Integrated Biological & Behavioural Surveillance, India. Indian Journal of Medical Research. abril de 2022;155(3 & 4):413.
Ospina-Escobar A, Magis-Rodríguez C, Ospina-Escobar A, Magis-Rodríguez C. Transition from first illegal drug use to first injection among people who inject drugs in Northern Mexico: A retrospective survival analysis. Salud mental. abril de 2022;45(2):71-80.
Farhadian N, Karami Matin B, Farnia V, Zamanian MH, Najafi F, Farhadian M. The prevalence of people who inject drugs among those with HIV late presentation: a meta-analysis. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy. 10 de febrero de 2022;17(1):11.
Duhart Clarke SE, Megerian CE, Suen LW, Wenger LD, Lambdin BH, Davidson PJ, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with neck injection among people who inject drugs in San Francisco, California. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 1 de diciembre de 2022;241:109686.
Curtis M, Winter RJ, Dietze P, Wilkinson AL, Cossar RD, Stewart AC, et al. High rates of resumption of injecting drug use following release from prison among men who injected drugs before imprisonment. Addiction. 2022;117(11):2887-98.
Doran J, Hope V, Wright T, Scott J, Ciccarone D, Harris M. Prevalence and factors associated with chronic venous insufficiency, leg ulceration and deep-vein thrombosis among people who inject drugs in London, UK. Drug and Alcohol Review. 2022;41(3):677-85.
Shayan SJ, Nazari R, Kiwanuka F. Prevalence of HIV and HCV among injecting drug users in three selected WHO-EMRO countries: a meta-analysis. Harm Reduction Journal. 27 de mayo de 2021;18(1):59.
Jacka B, Larney S, Degenhardt L, Janjua N, Høj S, Krajden M, et al. Prevalence of Injecting Drug Use and Coverage of Interventions to Prevent HIV and Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among People Who Inject Drugs in Canada. Am J Public Health. enero de 2020;110(1):45-50.
Levitt A, Mermin J, Jones CM, See I, Butler JC. Infectious Diseases and Injection Drug Use: Public Health Burden and Response. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1 de octubre de 2020;222(Supplement_5):S213-7.
Anderson ES, Russell C, Basham K, Montgomery M, Lozier H, Crocker A, et al. High prevalence of injection drug use and blood-borne viral infections among patients in an urban emergency department. PLOS ONE. 4 de junio de 2020;15(6):e0233927.
Gonsalves GS, Paltiel AD, Thornhill T, DeMaria A Jr, Cranston K, Klevens RM, et al. Patterns of Infectious Disease Associated With Injection Drug Use in Massachusetts. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 9 de febrero de 2023;ciad073.
Harvey L, Boudreau J, Sliwinski SK, Strymish J, Gifford AL, Hyde J, et al. Six Moments of Infection Prevention in Injection Drug Use: An Educational Toolkit for Clinicians. Open Forum Infectious Diseases. 1 de febrero de 2022;9(2):ofab631.
Lim J, Pavalagantharajah S, Verschoor CP, Lentz E, Loeb M, Levine M, et al. Infectious diseases, comorbidities and outcomes in hospitalized people who inject drugs (PWID) infections in persons who inject drugs. PLOS ONE. 20 de abril de 2022;17(4):e0266663.
Crepet A, Sargent C. Infections in people who inject drugs on the acute medical take. Clinical Medicine. 1 de septiembre de 2022;22(5):383-6.
Likindikoki SL, Mmbaga EJ, Mizinduko M, Alexander M, Adams LV, Horsburgh R, et al. Testing for Drug-Related Infectious Diseases and Determinants among People Who Use Drugs in a Low-Resource Setting: A Respondent-Driven Cross-Sectional Survey. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. septiembre de 2022;7(9):213.
Mateu-Gelabert P, Sabounchi NS, Guarino H, Ciervo C, Joseph K, Eckhardt BJ, et al. Hepatitis C virus risk among young people who inject drugs. Frontiers in Public Health [Internet]. 2022 [citado 10 de marzo de 2023];10. Disponible en: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.835836
Guure C, Obiri-Yeboah Laryea SM, Dery S, Baptista da Silva C, Asamoah-Adu C, Ayisi-Addo S, et al. Behavioural Risk for HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C Infections among a Population of Drug Users and Injectors across Four Regions in Ghana. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases. 1 de septiembre de 2022;2022:e2544481.
Marks LR, Nolan NS, Liang SY, Durkin MJ, Weimer MB. Infectious Complications of Injection Drug Use. Med Clin North Am. enero de 2022;106(1):187-200.
Valerio H, Conway A, Alavi M, Treloar C, Silk D, Murray C, et al. Awareness of hepatitis C virus infection status among people who inject drugs in a setting of universal direct-acting antiviral therapy: The ETHOS Engage study. International Journal of Drug Policy. 1 de diciembre de 2022;110:103876.
Conway A, Read P, Gilliver R, McNaughton T, Valerio H, Cunningham EB, et al. Awareness of HCV Status and Preferences for Testing and Treatment among People with Recent Injecting Drug Use at a Peer-Led Needle and Syringe Program: The TEMPO Pilot Study. Viruses. noviembre de 2022;14(11):2463.
Woyesa SB, Amente KD. Hepatitis C Virus Dynamic Transmission Models Among People Who Inject Drugs. IDR. 20 de febrero de 2023;16:1061-8.
Stöver H, Tarján A, Horváth G, Montanari L. The state of harm reduction in prisons in 30 European countries with a focus on people who inject drugs and infectious diseases. Harm Reduction Journal. 29 de junio de 2021;18(1):67.
Sarasa-Renedo A, Barrio G, Montanari L, Guarita B, de La Fuente L, Bravo MJ, et al. Estimating trends in injecting drug use in Europe using national data on drug treatment admissions. Lisbon: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction; 2015 jun. Disponible en: https://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/24170/
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Drug-related infectious diseases. LU: Publications Office; 2021. Disponible en: https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2810/775453
DOI: https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v8i3.5399
Enlaces de Referencia
- Por el momento, no existen enlaces de referencia
Polo del Conocimiento
Revista Científico-Académica Multidisciplinaria
ISSN: 2550-682X
Casa Editora del Polo
Manta - Ecuador
Dirección: Ciudadela El Palmar, II Etapa, Manta - Manabí - Ecuador.
Código Postal: 130801
Teléfonos: 056051775/0991871420
Email: polodelconocimientorevista@gmail.com / director@polodelconocimiento.com
URL: https://www.polodelconocimiento.com/
