Hipoglucemia en pacientes diabéticos en tratamiento con glibenclamida

Jorge Morales, José Andrés Rodríguez Meza

Resumen


La glibenclamida consiste en un potente hipoglicemiante que permite mantener los niveles séricos de glucosa por debajo de los puntos de corte para el paciente diabético, cuyo empleo puede significar un riesgo mayor de hipoglicemia como complicación aguda en relación con otros hipoglicemiantes orales. La presente revisión narrativa presento como objeto la recopilación de información actualizada acerca del mecanismo de la hipoglicemia durante el tratamiento con glibenclamida, los factores de riesgo del paciente diabético y la frecuencia con la que puede sufrir hipoglicemia. La glibenclamida inhibe los canales de potasio dependientes de ATP en las células beta del páncreas, estimulando la secreción de insulina a este nivel. Su función es independiente de los niveles séricos de glucosa, y se ve potenciada en casos como pacientes con diabetes de varios años de evolución, pacientes longevos o insuficientes renales. Dosis elevadas o el empleo de otros medicamentos que potencien su acción también representan factores de riesgo. La frecuencia de la hipoglicemia en el paciente que utiliza glibenclamida a pesar de ser subestimada, se considera que puede presentarse en 1 de cada 5 pacientes. Las características de la glibenclamida hacen que este fármaco tenga a la hipoglicemia como su principal efecto adverso, afectando directamente al estilo de vida del paciente diabético, que se ha declinado por suspender el tratamiento o solicitar un cambio en su medicación.


Palabras clave


Glibenclamida; hipoglucemia; humano

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v7i6.4150

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