Anemia y factores de riesgo asociados en embarazadas atendidas en un hospital de Gualaceo. 2024

Nelson Wilfrido Loja Pacheco, Roberto Ponce Pincay

Resumen


La anemia durante el embarazo representa un importante problema de salud pública por sus efectos sobre la salud materna y fetal. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la presencia de anemia y su asociación con los factores de riesgo en embarazadas atendidas en un hospital de Gualaceo durante 2024. Se realizó una investigación de tipo observacional, analítico, retrospectivo de corte transversal, con una muestra de 220 gestantes, cuya información se obtuvo mediante revisión de historias clínicas y registros de laboratorio. Los resultados evidenciaron que el 43,2 % del total de la muestra estudiada presentaron anemia entre leve y moderada. Los principales factores de riesgo identificados fueron el sobrepeso preconcepcional con el 50,5%, el nivel educativo primario un 60,0%, controles prenatales insuficientes de 3 a 4 consultas en 70,5%, condiciones socioeconómicas desfavorables en 67,4%, dieta inadecuada en 91,6% y ausencia de suplementación con hierro en 90,5%. La mayoría de las gestantes presentó baja paridad y ausencia de antecedentes de aborto. En conclusión, persistieron casos de anemia leve y moderada que continúan representando un problema relevante de salud materna. Se encontró asociación significativa con el índice de masa corporal prenatal, el número de controles prenatales y la suplementación con hierro, mientras que otros factores, aunque sin asociación estadística, mantienen relevancia clínica en la salud materno-fetal.


Palabras clave


anemia; embarazo; factores de riesgo; hemoglobina; salud materna.

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v11i6.11792

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