Evaluation of drought tolerance in cultivated species and wild relatives of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using morphological characters and photosynthetic pigments

Juan Pacheco, Renata Alejandra Alvarado Barba, Maritza Tatiana Chaglla Cango, Jenevith Alexandra Cuadrado Andrade

Resumen


Drought is a critical constraint to produce beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). This study evaluated drought tolerance in cultivated and wild bean genotypes using morphological characters and photosynthetic pigments as biomarkers. Stem length and diameter (SL, SD), number of leaves (NL), fresh weight of leaves, stem and roots (FWL, FWS, FWR), tissue water content (WCL, WCS, WCR) and root length, as well as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total carotenoid contents were analyzed under three water stress treatments: Control, mild water stress (WS 50%), severe water stress (WS 0%). The results showed significant differences between genotypes for most morphological traits. SL and SD were stable under stress, while NL, FWL, FWS and FWR were significantly reduced under severe stress (WS 0%), but not under mild stress (WS 50%), indicating a response threshold. Vigna unguiculata exhibited higher water content in tissues, suggesting a turgor maintenance strategy, while 'Frejol negro' showed longer roots and a greater number of leaves, indicating a drought avoidance strategy. Although photosynthetic pigments did not vary significantly under moderate stress, severe stress (WS 0%) caused a drastic reduction in chlorophyll a (72.7%) and b (68.9%), but a considerable increase in carotenoids, suggesting the activation of photoprotective mechanisms. 'Frejol negro' had the highest concentrations of carotenoids. In conclusion, drought tolerance in beans is multifaceted, with genotypes exhibiting differentiated strategies of drought avoidance, turgor maintenance, and stress intensity response thresholds. These findings are valuable for the selection of resilient genotypes in bean breeding programs.


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Juan Pacheco, Renata Alejandra Alvarado Barba, Maritza Tatiana Chaglla Cango, Jenevith Alexandra Cuadrado Andrade

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v10i7.10104

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