Causes, consequences, and impact levels of cadmium on cocoa bean quality in Ecuador

Jose Montoya Bazan, Maria Cartagena Faytong, Kleber Medina Rodriguez, Jairo Loor Vega

Resumen


This comprehensive review paper addresses the significant issue of cadmium (Cd) contamination in Ecuadorian cocoa beans. It explores the various sources of this contamination, which include both natural soil composition and human-induced factors like agricultural practices. The paper assesses the adverse effects of Cd on the quality of cocoa beans and the subsequent implications for public health. It also discusses the broader impact on international cocoa trade, particularly focusing on the challenges faced by Ecuadorian producers in adhering to the strict safety standards set by entities such as the European Union. In delving into the health risks associated with Cd in cocoa products, the review highlights the urgency of addressing this contamination. It evaluates different soil remediation techniques, suggesting that strategies should be specifically tailored to regional conditions in cocoa farming areas. This approach is emphasized as crucial for effectively reducing Cd levels in cocoa beans. Moreover, the paper underscores the importance of understanding the geographical distribution of Cd contamination. This knowledge is deemed essential for effective policy-making and for implementing targeted interventions to tackle the issue. The review advocates for a collaborative approach, combining scientific research with policy development. This synergy is presented as key to developing sustainable management practices. In conclusion, the paper calls for concerted efforts to ensure the safety, quality, and global competitiveness of Ecuadorian cocoa. It integrates bibliometric analysis as a methodological tool to enrich the understanding of the scope and depth of the Cd contamination issue in Ecuador’s cocoa industry.


Palabras clave


Cadmium Contamination; Cocoa Bean Quality; Soil Remediation; Ecuadorian Agriculture; Food Safety Regulations.

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v9i4.6980

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