Revisión del estado del arte, oportunidades y desafíos en la utilización de paneles solares bifaciales

Jordán Vinicio Casillas Lamar, Yoandrys Morales Tamayo

Resumen


La energía solar fotovoltaica (FV) se posiciona como fuente renovable clave en la transición energética global, con capacidad instalada sobrepasando los 580 GW hasta 2018. Dentro de este sector, la tecnología bifacial irrumpe como alternativa única para reducir costos nivelados de electricidad. Los módulos bifaciales capturan luz por ambas superficies, incrementando la irradiancia efectiva y logrando potencia sobre el 20% superior contra paneles monofaciales equivalentes. Aunque la adopción se acelera rápidamente, impulsada por avances en fabricación de obleas transparentes y células de alto rendimiento PERT, persisten desafíos relevantes. Entre ellos modelado predictivo de ganancias ante condiciones reales de trabajo, optimización de sistemas balanceado para potenciar captura de irradiancia reflejada, y necesidad de protocolos mejorados de estandarización y certificación bifacial. Esta revisión hace un análisis detallado de los fundamentos científicos, estrategias de manufactura, modelado de comportamiento óptico-eléctrico-térmico, consideraciones técnico-económicas e integración comercial de módulos FV bifaciales; tecnología emergente con potencial disruptivo sobre la industria FV por combinación única de beneficios.


Palabras clave


Energía solar fotovoltaica; Tecnología bifacial; Irradiancia efectiva; Paneles monofaciales; Rendimiento PERT.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v9i1.6369

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