Impacto Emocional en Pacientes Aislados de sus Familias

José Andrés Carrera-Zambrano, Magaly Erika Cedeño-Azanki

Resumen


Conforme transcurre la pandemia del coronavirus, ha aumentado considerablemente el miedo y la ansiedad en la población. Los pacientes hospitalizados experimentan respuestas psicosociales debido al aislamiento propio de la enfermedad. En este sentido, los pacientes también experimentan problemas emocionales tales como, estrés, depresión y ansiedad.  Además, el impacto emocional para el paciente y para la familia aumenta si el individuo se encuentra en aislamiento. Bajo este contexto, la presente investigación tuvo como fin obtener de datos que revelen los índices de ansiedad, estrés y depresión de los pacientes con SARS-CoV-2. Para ello, se aplicó la escala DASS-21 a 30 pacientes internados en el Hospital General de Manta. En cuando a los resultados, se encontró que el 67% de los pacientes tienen un nivel de gravedad extremadamente severo de ansiedad, el 57% tiene un nivel severo de depresión, mientras que el 43% tiene un nivel moderado de estrés. En este sentido, se concluye que los pacientes en estudio están sufriendo un impacto emocional negativo durante su estancia hospitalaria, esto significa que el estar alejado de sus seres queridos está afectando la salud psicológica, lo que al mismo tiempo es un obstáculo para su recuperación.


Palabras clave


SARS-CoV-2; DASS 21; Estrés; depresión; ansiedad.

Texto completo:

PDF HTML XML

Referencias


Abate, S., Ali, S., Mantfardo, B., & Basu, B. (2020). Rate of Intensive Care Unit admission and outcomes among patients with coronavirus: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 15(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0235653

AlSalman, A., Mubarak, H., Aljabal, M., Abdulnabi, M., Ishaq, A., Yusuf, A., Bragazzi, N., & Jahrami, H. (2020). The psychological impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the population of Bahrain. Acta Bio Medica : Atenei Parmensis, 91(4), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.23750/ABM.V91I4.10336

Asmundson, G., & Taylor, S. (2020). How health anxiety influences responses to viral outbreaks like COVID-19: What all decision-makers, health authorities, and health care professionals need to know. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 71. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JANXDIS.2020.102211

Bavel, J. J., Baicker, K., Boggio, P., Capraro, V., Cichocka, A., Cikara, M., Crockett, M., Crum, A., Douglas, K., Druckman, J., Drury, J., Dube, O., Ellemers, N., Finkel, E., Fowler, J., Gelfand, M., Han, S., Haslam, S., Jetten, J., … Willer, R. (2020). Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(5), 460–471. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0884-z

Bowman, B., Back, A., Esch, A., & Marshall, N. (2020). Crisis Symptom Management and Patient Communication Protocols Are Important Tools for All Clinicians Responding to COVID-19. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 60(2), 98–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JPAINSYMMAN.2020.03.028

Coker, A., & Sanni, D. (2018). Psychometric properties of the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). African Research Review, 12(2), 135–142. https://doi.org/10.4314/AFRREV.V12I2.13

Cowan, K. (2020). Survey results: Understanding people’s concerns about the mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Academy of Medical Sciences. https://acmedsci.ac.uk/file-download/99436893

Cullen, W., Gulati, G., & Kelly, B. (2020). Mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 113(5), 311–312. https://doi.org/10.1093/QJMED/HCAA110

Dorman, S., Hertz, N., Brand, A., Hasson, I., Matalon, N., Gross, R., Chen, W., Abramovich, A., Afek, A., Ziv, A., Kreiss, Y., Pessach, I., & Gothelf, D. (2020). Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in COVID-19 Isolated Patients and in Their Relatives. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 1042. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYT.2020.581598

Dsouza, D., Quadros, S., Hyderabadwala, Z., & Mamun, M. (2020). Aggregated COVID-19 suicide incidences in India: Fear of COVID-19 infection is the prominent causative factor. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113145. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2020.113145

Enríquez, V., & Ramos, I. (2021). Estudio comparativo de niveles de ansiedad generados por el COVID- 19 en pacientes con diagnóstico previo de reacción al estrés. CIENCIA UNEMI, 14(37), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol14iss37.2021pp39-48p

Erquicia, J., Valls, L., Barja, A., Gil, S., Miquel, J., Leal-Blanquet, J., Schmidt, C., Checa, J., & Vega, D. (2020). Impacto emocional de la pandemia de Covid-19 en los trabajadores sanitarios de uno de los focos de contagio más importantes de Europa. Medicina Clinica, 155(10), 434. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MEDCLI.2020.07.006

Ferrario, S., Panzeri, A., Cerutti, P., & Sacco, D. (2021). The Psychological Experience and Intervention in Post-Acute COVID-19 Inpatients. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 17, 422. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S283558

Gallagher, M., Zvolensky, M., Long, L., Rogers, A., & Garey, L. (2020). The Impact of Covid-19 Experiences and Associated Stress on Anxiety, Depression, and Functional Impairment in American Adults. Cognitive Therapy and Research 2020 44:6, 44(6), 1043–1051. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10608-020-10143-Y

Gutierrez Lima, M., & Caceres Valdez, I. (2020). Impacto de la pandemia Covid-19 en la salud mental de pacientes que acuden a una clínica privada en Ventanilla. Revista Científica Ágora, 7(2), 114–119. https://doi.org/10.21679/ARC.V7I2.179

Harkness, K., & Monroe, S. (2016). The assessment and measurement of adult life stress: Basic premises, operational principles, and design requirements. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125(5), 727–745. https://doi.org/10.1037/ABN0000178

Holmes, E., O’Connor, R., Perry, V., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., Ballard, C., Christensen, H., Silver, R., Everall, I., Ford, T., John, A., Kabir, T., King, K., Madan, I., Michie, S., Przybylski, A., Shafran, R., Sweeney, A., Bullmore, E. (2020). Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(6), 547–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30168-1

Kentish, N., Chevret, S., & Azoulay, E. (2018). Guiding intensive care physicians’ communication and behavior towards bereaved relatives: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial (COSMIC-EOL). Trials 2018, 19(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/S13063-018-3084-7

Kon, A., Davidson, J., Morrison, W., Danis, M., & White, D. (2016). Shared decision-making in intensive care units: Executive summary of the American college of critical care medicine and American thoracic society policy statement. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 193(12), 1334–1336. https://doi.org/10.1164/RCCM.201602-0269ED/SUPPL_FILE/DISCLOSURES.PDF

Kong, X., Kong, F., Zheng, K., Tang, M., Chen, Y., Zhou, J., Li, Y., Diao, L., Wu, S., Jiao, P., Su, T., & Dong, Y. (2020). Effect of Psychological–Behavioral Intervention on the Depression and Anxiety of COVID-19 Patients. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 1241. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYT.2020.586355

Kujawa, A., Green, H., Compas, B., Dickey, L., & Pegg, S. (2020). Exposure to COVID-19 pandemic stress: Associations with depression and anxiety in emerging adults in the United States. Depression and Anxiety, 37(12), 1280–1288. https://doi.org/10.1002/DA.23109

Le, M., Tran, T., Holton, S., Nguyen, H., Wolfe, R., & Fisher, J. (2017). Reliability, convergent validity and factor structure of the DASS-21 in a sample of Vietnamese adolescents. PLOS ONE, 12(7), 7. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0180557

Li, W., Yang, Y., Liu, Z., Zhao, Y., Zhang, Q., Zhang, L., Cheung, T., & Xiang, Y. (2020). Progression of Mental Health Services during the COVID-19 Outbreak in China. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 16(10), 1732. https://doi.org/10.7150/IJBS.45120

Maaskant, J., Jongerden, I., Bik, J., Joosten, M., Musters, S., Storm-Versloot, M., Wielenga, J., & Eskes, A. (2021). Strict isolation requires a different approach to the family of hospitalised patients with COVID-19: A rapid qualitative study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 117. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJNURSTU.2020.103858

Mao, L., Jin, H., Wang, M., Hu, Y., Chen, S., He, Q., Chang, J., Hong, C., Zhou, Y., Wang, D., Miao, X., Li, Y., & Hu, B. (2020). Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurology, 77(6), 683–690. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMANEUROL.2020.1127

Negro, A., Mucci, M., Beccaria, P., Borghi, G., Capocasa, T., Cardinali, M., Pasculli, N., Ranzani, R., Villa, G., & Zangrillo, A. (2020). Introducing the Video call to facilitate the communication between health care providers and families of patients in the intensive care unit during COVID-19 pandemia. Intensive & Critical Care Nursing, 60. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ICCN.2020.102893

Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2020). Manejo clínico de la COVID-19. OMS. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/332638/WHO-2019-nCoV-clinical-2020.5-spa.pdf

Paredes, P., Dawaher, J., & Chérrez, M. (2020). Impacto del COVID-19 en la salud mental de los pacientes hospitalizados. Revista de La Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de La Universidad de Cuenca, 38(2), 55–64. https://doi.org/10.18537/RFCM.38.02.06

Parker, C., Shalev, D., Hsu, I., Shenoy, A., Cheung, S., Nash, S., Wiener, I., Fedoronko, D., Allen, N., & Shapiro, P. (2021). Depression, Anxiety, and Acute Stress Disorder Among Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study. Journal of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, 62(2), 219. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PSYM.2020.10.001

Plagg, B., Engl, A., Piccoliori, G., & Eisendle, K. (2020). Prolonged social isolation of the elderly during COVID-19: Between benefit and damage. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 89. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ARCHGER.2020.104086

Razai, M., Oakeshott, P., Kankam, H., Galea, S., & Stokes-Lampard. (2020). Mitigating the psychological effects of social isolation during the covid-19 pandemic. BMJ, 369. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJ.M1904

Román, F., Santibáñez, P., & Vinet, E. (2016). Uso de las Escalas de Depresión Ansiedad Estrés (DASS-21) como Instrumento de Tamizaje en Jóvenes con Problemas Clínicos1. Psychological Research Records, 6(1), 2325–2336. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2007-4719(16)30053-9

Ruiz, C., Urdapilleta, E., & Lara, G. (2021). Ansiedad en familiares de pacientes con COVID-19 hospitalizados en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias. Neumol Cir Torax, 80(2), 100–104. https://doi.org/10.35366/100990

Shoar, S., Naderan, M., Aghajani, M., Sahimi, E., Hosseini, N., & Zhamak, K. (2016). Prevalence and Determinants of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Surgical Patients. Oman Medical Journal, 31(3), 176–181. https://doi.org/10.5001/OMJ.2016.35

Taylor, S. (2019). The psychology of pandemics : preparing for the next global outbreak of infectious disease. Newcastle upon Tyne, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 158.

Tee, M., Tee, C., Anlacan, J., Aligam, K., Reyes, P., Kuruchittham, V., & Ho, R. (2020). Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277, 379–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAD.2020.08.043

Torales, J., O’Higgins, M., Castaldelli, M., & Ventriglio, A. (2020). The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health: Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/0020764020915212, 66(4), 317–320. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020915212

Vaughan, R., Edwards, E., & MacIntyre, T. (2020). Mental Health Measurement in a Post Covid-19 World: Psychometric Properties and Invariance of the DASS-21 in Athletes and Non-athletes. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2020.590559

Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C., & Ho, R. (2020). Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, Vol. 17, Page 1729, 17(5), 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH17051729

World Health Organization. (2021). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. WHO. https://covid19.who.int/




DOI: https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v6i11.3318

Enlaces de Referencia

  • Por el momento, no existen enlaces de referencia
';





Polo del Conocimiento              

Revista Científico-Académica Multidisciplinaria

ISSN: 2550-682X

Casa Editora del Polo                                                 

Manta - Ecuador       

Dirección: Ciudadela El Palmar, II Etapa,  Manta - Manabí - Ecuador.

Código Postal: 130801

Teléfonos: 056051775/0991871420

Email: polodelconocimientorevista@gmail.com / director@polodelconocimiento.com

URL: https://www.polodelconocimiento.com/