Minimally Invasive Surgery in Gastrointestinal Oncology: Laparoscopy and Robotics in Colorectal Cancer - A Literature Review up to 2025

Angie Pauleth Suárez Correa, María Fernanda Piedra Cevallos, Milton Antonio Sambonino Espinoza, Wendy Gisel Pachacama Oña

Resumen


This systematic review, conducted following PRISMA guidelines, compares the oncological efficacy, perioperative outcomes, morbidity, and cost-effectiveness of laparoscopic and robotic approaches in the surgical treatment of Colorectal Cancer (CRC), utilizing high-level evidence published between 2015 and 2025. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane were searched. Priority was given to including Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, and meta-analyses comparing minimally invasive surgery (Lap/Rob) with open surgery, or robotic surgery with laparoscopic surgery, in CRC patients. Key metrics evaluated included Overall Survival (OS), Disease-Free Survival (DFS), conversion rate, length of hospital stay, and functional outcomes (urinary dysfunction and ileus). Laparoscopic surgery is the cost-effective standard for colon cancer, maintaining oncological safety and offering superior recovery compared to open surgery. Robotic surgery finds its niche in rectal cancer, where functional benefits and the reduction of the risk of conversion to open surgery justify its higher cost, particularly in high-volume centers and in the hands of surgeons who have completed the learning curve. The future is centered on the integration of artificial intelligence to standardize surgical quality and mitigate the challenges of the learning curve and global accessibility.


Palabras clave


Colorectal Cancer; Laparoscopic Surgery; Robotic Surgery; Total Mesorectal Excision; Survival; Quality of Life; Learning Curve.

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v10i12.10798

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